Scalable Architecture for Programmable Quantum Gate Array

This work explores architectural ideas to build a scalable programmable quantum gate array (PQGA) by exploiting unique quantum effects such as superposition and entanglement/teleportation. In contrast to prior studies, in which a quantum computing machine is implemented either as an ASIC-like special-purpose chip tailored for specific algorithm or as a general-purpose processor based on the Von-Neumann model, we propose a PQGA architecture that is reconfigurable for different domain-specific applications with high logic density. The PQGA architecture is novel in several aspects, among which its interconnect work is built with "virtual wires" implemented with quantum entanglement. In this work, we propose various designs for logic block, interconnect network, and design strategies to construct large designs in PQGA. Our goal is to investigate new architectural ideas based on reconfigurable computing method in order to overcome the primary scalability challenges of reliability, communication, and quantum resource distribution that plague current proposals for large-scale quantum comput- ing. Leveraging the extensive groundwork in quantum computing and algorithm design, we provide estimation results to show that our proposed PQGA architecture can achieve not only high performance but also scalability. Finally, we benchmark our proposed PQGA architecture against previous quantum computer architecture and illustrate on average a 3x improvement in terms of logic density for the well-known Shor's quantum factoring algorithm.