How to Win a World Election: Leadership Styles among Young Power Users
msra
摘要
In the physical world, the characteristics that determine leadership have at least as much to do with physical behavior and appearance as the issues and beliefs of the potential leaders. For presidential candidates, happy/reassuring facial displays during television interviews elicit more change in the electorate's attitudes than party identification, position on campaign issues or assessment of leadership capability (Sullivan and Masters 1988). Similarly, manipulation of attractiveness in photographs on campaign flyers affect election results (Rosenberg, Kahn et al. 1991). But what happens when leaders, and those who elect them, never see one another? How is leadership determined and how is it perceived in a world where superficial characteristics such as height are impossible to gauge? Young power users of technology are the first generation to grow up in such a world. Accustomed to participating in on-line communities where how you speak replaces what you look like, young power users can tell us about the changing characteristics of leadership in a technological world. In this paper we address the characteristics of leadership and leadership styles among young power users by looking at data from the Junior Summit, an online community composed of 3000 children from 139 different countries who had to choose 100 delegates to attend a highly coveted week-long symposium in the U.S. The young people came online during the summer of 1998, and the community represented a tremendous diversity of culture, socioeconomic status, and technological familiarity (Cassell 2002). The forum was divided between girls (55%) and boys (45%), and the ages of participants ranged from 10 to 16. Without ever seeing each other face-to-face, and in a community almost entirely free of adult intervention, these children traded messages in an online forum about how technology could improve life for young people around the world. They then elected leaders to represent their community in a real-world meeting with political and industry leaders from around the world. From the children's messages to one another in the months leading up to the election, we are able to examine the linguistic cues and language use that predict who emerged as a leader in the group and how leaders were perceived by the group.
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