To centralize or not to centralize: The effects of uncertainty and threat on group structure and performance

The effects of uncertainty and threat upon the centralization of group communication structures were investigated in a laboratory study. The performance of these groups was also analyzed. Uncertainty was manipulated by varying stimulus ambiguity; threat was manipulated by varying the possibility of loss and the use of time reminders. Results indicate that group structures became differentiated over time with groups in the high uncertainty, low threat condition showing the greatest degree of centralization. Centralization appeared to be associated with the experience of tension: subjects in the high uncertainty, low threat condition reported the highest degree of tension. Uncertainty had a negative effect on performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.