CT-guided permanent brachytherapy for patients with medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Seven patients with early stage T1N0M0 NSCLC who had medical contraindications for surgical resection were treated with CT-guided percutaneous implantation of 103Pd or 125I seeds. After the procedure, two patients developed pneumothorax and hemo/pneumothorax that was managed with aspirative drainage. One patient developed a focal pneumonitis 3 months after the procedure. After a median follow-up of 13 months (4.6–41.0+ months), no patient has developed local or regional failure.