Observations of rip spacing, persistence and mobility at a long, straight coastline

Three years of daily video observations at a long, straight beach were analysed to determine the temporal trends and variability of the location, spacing, persistence and mobility of rips. Rips were identified at this site on 684 days of the total 947 days (72% occurrence) when suitable images were available. A median number of 7 rips were observed within the total 2 km study area, on days when rips were present. No tendency was identified for rips to reoccur in preferred locations alongshore following storm reset events. The average alongshore distance between all rips observed was 209 m, but with a high standard deviation of 98 m or approximately 47% of the mean rip spacing, there was no evidence at this site that rips tended to be regularly spaced alongshore. No clear relationship was identified between the number of rips and the prevailing offshore wave conditions, including significant wave height, peak wave period and incident wave power. The majority of rips persisted for 5 or fewer days, with an average of 8 days and standard deviation of 9 days. Rips were stationary 33% of days, with migration rates of less than 5 m/day observed on 47% of days when rips were present. Maximum migrations rates of up to 50 m/day were observed, and generally though not always occurred in the direction consistent with the prevailing offshore swell direction and resulting alongshore current. The occurrence of inshore sea breezes may have accounted for the less frequent observations of rip migration against the opposing regional swell direction.