Clustering Of Risk Factors In Parents Of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes And Nephropathy

OBJECTIVE - To assess the impact of parental risk factors for diabetic nephropathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This cross-sectional Study included 2,355 type 1 diabetic patients from the FinnDiane (Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy) study. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate >200 mu g/min or >300 mg/24 h) or end-stage renal disease. Information was available from 4,676 parents. Parental scores were calculated based on the number of various traits in the parents.RESULTS - Patients with diabetic nephropathy, compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, had a higher prevalence of maternal (41 vs. 35%, P 0.046) and parental (62 vs. 55%, P 0.044) hypertension, maternal stroke (7.6 vs. 5.1%, P 0.044), and maternal (1.4 vs. 0.7%, P 0.058) and parental (4.3 vs. 2.9%, P = 0.030) type 1 diabetes. If both, compared with none, of the parents had hypertension, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for diabetic nephropathy in offspring was 1.56 (95% CI 1. 13-2.15). The adjusted OR for diabetic nephropathy was 2.13 (1.36-3.33) for the parental hypertension- diabetes score (3-4 vs. 0 points) and 2.13 (1.37-3.33) for the parental hypertension- cardiovascular disease (CVD)-diabetes score (4-6 vs. 0 points). Fathers of patients with diabetic nephropathy, compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, had reduced overall survival (log-rank P = 0.04) and reduced cardiovascular survival (log-rank P 0.03).CONCLUSIONS - A cluster of parental hypertension, CVD, and diabetes is associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, as is paternal mortality.