Effects of nutrition, growth hormone disturbances, training, altitude and sleep on lung volumes.

Various modulating factors have been shown to affect postnatal lung growth and development in humans and other mammalian species. Therefore, normative pulmo- nary function data should ideally indicate the environ- mental conditions of life. This paper will review current knowledge on the effects of nutrition, growth hormone disturbances, training and altitude on lung volumes in children and adults. Furthermore, the impact of sleep states on lung volumes is considered. The present review is a background paper of a consensus document on meas- urements of lung volumes in humans.