Work-function imaging of oriented copper grains by photoemission

We measured the work function of micrograins at the surface of a polycrystalline copper sample using NanoESCA, a photoelectron microscope equipped with two analysers in series. This allowed us to obtain accurate spectroscopic information with energy-filtered images showing lateral resolutions of 40 nm. Reconstructed microspectra directly show variations in the local work function of grains having different crystalline orientation. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.