Single Image Appearance Measurement

Creating realistic renderings in computer graphics depends on having knowledge of the reflectance properties of materials in the scene. For opaque materials the bi-directional reflectance function (BRDF) captures these properties. Full BRDFs can be measured using highly-accurate gonioreflectometers or more recently with techniques using digital cameras. These approaches sample the BRDF either densely or sparsely and using simple interpolation or fit a BRDF model respectively. Previous methods require images from a number of camera positions with a variety of known light positions. We present a technique to recover BRDF parameters from a single image under arbitrary lighting. Using a single high dynamic range image of material sample of known geometry, an environment map, and an iterative rendering and optimization approach we can recover parameters for a wide variety of materials in short amount of time with less stringent experimental constraints as compared to previous techniques. Our technique in not limited to recovering BRDF parameters for opaque materials. We can fit parameters for any low parameter appearance model that is used in a typical renderer. We have measured a number of opaque and transparent materials and we present results showing comparisons of an image of a sample material and the rendered counterpart using the recovered BRDF parameters. We further use our optimization approach to recover BRDF model parameters from a single render image of a number of materials rendered from a data-driven BRDF model.