Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are the second most common sports injury after ankle injuries and most commonly lead to surgical treatment compared to all sports injuries. Rupture of the ACL is accompanied by increased anteromedial rotational translation of the lower leg relative to the upper leg. The consequence is asubjective sense of instability as well as an objective instability in clinical testing. The ACL reconstruction procedure has become the gold standard of surgical treatment. Despite the substantial literature available, there is controversy regarding the timing of the operation, techniques of surgical treatment, choice of suitable graft and fixation. Based on the current literature, this article aims to demonstrate the evidence of these points and to provide guidance on the optimal treatment of each individual patient considering the individual context factors.