2D and 3D Visualization of Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using X-Ray Refraction Contrast

Summary 2D and 3D X-ray observations of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are herein reported. A large area involving a distorted linear structure and ductus lactiferi has been visualized by 2D XDFI (X-ray dark-field imaging) and furthermore a rod measuring 3.6 mm in diameter and 4.7 mm in height excised from the tissue was observed by 3D X-ray CT. These data were obtained using X-ray optics DEI (diffraction-enhanced imaging). A newly made algorithm was used for CT. The data from 900 projections at an interval of 0.2 degrees were used. As a result the ductus lactiferi and microcalcification in a 3D form were all clearly visible. The spatial resolution available was approximately 100 μm. This modality is thus considered to make a pathological diagnosis possible based on the X-ray findings.