picoTrans: an icon-driven user interface for machine translation on mobile devices.

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present a novel user interface that integrates two popular approaches to language translation for travelers allowing multimodal communication between the parties involved. In our approach we integrate the popular picture-book, in which the user simply points to multiple picture icons representing what they want to say, with a statistical machine translation system that can translate arbitrary word sequences. The simple pointing at pictures paradigm is used as the primary method of user input and the users can use the device as if it were a picture book. The application is then able to generate a complete sentence in the user's native language for what they wish to say from the sequence of picture icons chosen by the user. Once the user is satisfied that the sentence provided by the system adequately represents what they wish to convey, the application can automatically translate the sentence into the language of the other party, who can interpret the intended meaning of the first party by combining evidence from both modes of communication: the picture sequence, and the machine translation. The prototype system we have developed inherits many of the positive features of both approaches, while at the same time mitigating their main weaknesses. The user may combine the pictures in considerably more combinations than is possible with a picture book designed with combinations from only within the same page spread of the book in mind, making the application more expressive than a book. The machine translation system can contribute a detailed and precise translation which is supported by the picture-based mode which not only provides a rapid method to communicate basic concepts but also gives a 'second opinion' on the machine transition output that catches machine translation errors and allows the users to retry the sentence, avoiding misunderstandings.