Bender: a virtual ribbon for deforming 3D shapes in biomedical and styling applications
SPM '05: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling(2005)
摘要
In contrast to machined mechanical parts, the 3D shapes encountered
in biomedical or styling applications contain many tubular
parts, protrusions, engravings, embossings, folds, and smooth
bends. It is difficult to design and edit such features using the parameterized
operations or even free-form deformations available in
CAD or animation systems. The Bender tool proposed here complements
previous solutions by allowing a designer holding a 6 DoF
3D tracker in each hand to control the position and orientation of
the ends of a stretchable virtual ribbon, which is used to grab the
shape in its vicinity and to deform it in realtime, as the designer
continues to move, bend, and twist the ribbon. To ensure realtime
performance and intuitive control of the ribbon, we model its centerline
as a circular biarc and perform adaptive refinement of the
triangle-mesh approximation of the surface. To produce a natural
and predictable warp, we use the initial and final shapes of the ribbon
to define a one-parameter family of screw-motions. The deformation
of a surface point is computed by finding its locally closest
projection, or projections, on the biarc and by applying the corresponding
screws, weighted by a function that decays with the distance
to the projection. The combination of these solutions leads
to an easy-to-use and effective tool for the direct manipulation of
organic or stylized shapes.
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关键词
styling application,realtime performance,bender tool,effective tool,animation system,intuitive control,closest projection,circular biarc,stretchable virtual ribbon,adaptive refinement,surface point,deformation,triangle mesh
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