Toby is involved in clinical trials research as the lead Australian investigator on the international SIOPEN trial for high risk neuroblastoma and an investigator on the early phase I/II Ceritinib trial for children and teenagers with ALK-rearranged malignancies. Dr Trahair has served as executive treasurer on the Executive Council of the Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology and Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) since 2010.

Toby has active research interests in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia including techniques of minimal residual disease detection, mechanisms and models of drug resistance in ALL, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ALK rearranged tumours and personalised therapy for high risk tumours. He currently supervises PhD students, the ERASE project which is identifying clinical and genetic risk factors for treatment-related side effects in ALL patients.