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In a 1990s study on photoperiodicity in humans, Wehr placed a group of volunteers in an environment in which it was dark for 14 hours each day for a month. The subjects were able to sleep as much as they wanted during the experiment. On the first night, the subjects slept an average of 11 hours a night. This was concluded to be probably repaying a chronic sleep debt. By the fourth week, the subjects slept an average of eight hours a night – but in two separate blocks. First, subjects tended to lie awake for one to two hours and then fall quickly asleep. The onset of sleep was linked to a spike in the hormone melatonin, whose secretion by the brain's pineal gland is triggered by darkness. After an average of three to five hours of sleep, the subjects would awaken and spend an hour or two in quiet wakefulness before a second three- to five-hour sleep period. It was thus suggested that such a biphasic pattern of sleep is the natural or pre-historic tendency for humans. No research into the sleeping patterns in natural environments of primates closely related to humans was cited for comparison.
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Rhythmic Aspects of Behaviorpp.399-428, (2020)
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