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It is pointed out that the suspended particle matter (SPM or PM) in the atmosphere, that is "aerosol," not only has a harmful influence on human health and vegetation but also leads climate change. When aerosol particles are emitted into the atmosphere, they influence the radiation budget of the earth's atmosphere through two effects. One is the aerosol-radiation interaction (direct effect) in which they scatter and absorb the solar and thermal radiation. The other is the aerosol-cloud interaction (indirect effect) in which they alter microphysical and optical properties of cloud droplets acting as cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore expected that anthropogenic aerosols can be substances causing climate change, which is, however, not known more than the global warming by anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the public. In 2001, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the evaluation of the anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing referring to past modeling studies, but its confidence level is still lower than those of greenhouse gases and ozone. This is because global aerosol distributions and radiative properties are not clearly understood because of complex characteristics of aerosol particles such as various origins, short lifetime of several days, complex chemical compounds, and various size distributions.
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