Steven C. Koenig received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA, in 1989 and 1990, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from the University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, in 1996. He is currently the Endowed Chair and a Professor with the Department of Bioengineering and Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. His current research interests include physiologic responses of the heart, vasculature, and end organs to mechanical circulatory support, and clinical tran slation of new tools and therapies for heart failure.