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The most pertinent research areas are cardiovascular regulation and neurophysiology. These studies are interrelated and allow us to understand the neuronal pathways involved in the integration of visceral and somatic afferents in the central nervous system such as the medullary, midbrain and hypothalamic regions. The increase in blood pressure occurring during myocardial ischemia activating cardiac afferents or gastric distention as well as abdominal ischemia innervating the visceral afferent nerve fibers involves autonomic reflex responses. Stimulation of the visceral afferents leads to excitatory reflexes and involves N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), non-NMDA spinal receptors, endothelial (nitric oxide) NO, neuronal NO, free radicals and among others. Interestingly, electroacupuncture (EA) through the stimulation of somatic nerves reduces the visceral sympathoexcitatory reflexes through specific opioid receptors in the rostral ventral lateral medullary (rVLM) neurons. Recent studies have demonstrated that the neurons in the cardiovascular premotor sympathetic rVLM as well as the ventrolateral periaqueductal midbrain and arcuate hypothalamus process the convergence of somatic and visceral input during acupuncture stimulation. Ongoing studies investigate the underlying mechanisms and neuronal pathways involved with modulation of the hypertensive responses. Neurochemicals opioids, endocannabinoid, GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, nociceptin and serotonin contribute to the action of acupuncture and few have been identified to play a role in the long lasting effect of EA. Genetic changes may also contribute to the prolonged action of acupuncture.
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Physiologyno. S1 (2024)
Robert M. N. Tran,Shaista Malik, Christopher Reist, Chad K Oh, Najeebah Abdul-Musawir,Stephanie Tjen-A-Looi,Liang-Wu Fu
Physiologyno. S1 (2024)
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2024): 1399972-1399972
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2023)
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Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine (2023): 1140255
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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2023): 1275952
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