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Microtubules are a major cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in a wide variety of cellular functions, ranging from cell division and migration to cell morphogenesis. In animal cells, most microtubules are grown from microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), such as centrosomes and the Golgi complex. Whereas centrosomes mediate a symmetric organization of microtubules and are positioned at the focus of the radial microtubule array, the Golgi complex organizes an asymmetric array of microtubules that account for almost half of the microtubule population in certain cell types. All of these MTOCs require the presence of γ-tubulin ring complexes (γTuRCs), which are the ring-shaped macromolecular structures that initiate microtubule assembly from α/β-tubulin heterodimers and mediate the attachment of microtubule arrays. γTuRCs are ~2.2-MDa multiprotein complexes that consist of γ-tubulin and at least five other γ-complex proteins (GCPs), GCP 2–6. Until now, the composition and organization of γTuRCs are still far from being fully understood and the mechanisms that control γTuRC-mediated nucleation remain largely unknown.
The centrosome is the principal MTOC in animal cells, and it comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material. In each cell cycle, the centrosome duplicates during S phase to become two centrosomes, which move apart in late G2 and eventually form spindle poles during mitosis and organize the mitotic spindle. Timely separation of the duplicated centrosomes is critical for the proper formation of the bipolar spindle and consequently for accurate chromosome segregation. Centrosome separation involves a sequence of events initiated by disjunction of the two duplicated centrosomes in late G2 and governed by mechanisms that are poorly understood.
Microtubules are a major cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in a wide variety of cellular functions, ranging from cell division and migration to cell morphogenesis. In animal cells, most microtubules are grown from microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), such as centrosomes and the Golgi complex. Whereas centrosomes mediate a symmetric organization of microtubules and are positioned at the focus of the radial microtubule array, the Golgi complex organizes an asymmetric array of microtubules that account for almost half of the microtubule population in certain cell types. All of these MTOCs require the presence of γ-tubulin ring complexes (γTuRCs), which are the ring-shaped macromolecular structures that initiate microtubule assembly from α/β-tubulin heterodimers and mediate the attachment of microtubule arrays. γTuRCs are ~2.2-MDa multiprotein complexes that consist of γ-tubulin and at least five other γ-complex proteins (GCPs), GCP 2–6. Until now, the composition and organization of γTuRCs are still far from being fully understood and the mechanisms that control γTuRC-mediated nucleation remain largely unknown.
The centrosome is the principal MTOC in animal cells, and it comprises a pair of centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material. In each cell cycle, the centrosome duplicates during S phase to become two centrosomes, which move apart in late G2 and eventually form spindle poles during mitosis and organize the mitotic spindle. Timely separation of the duplicated centrosomes is critical for the proper formation of the bipolar spindle and consequently for accurate chromosome segregation. Centrosome separation involves a sequence of events initiated by disjunction of the two duplicated centrosomes in late G2 and governed by mechanisms that are poorly understood.
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JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGYno. 7 (2023)
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Journal of Cell Biologyno. 7 (2023)
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