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In body, glucose concentration is tightly regulated within a narrow range. Pancreatic islets play a central role in maintaining such homoeostasis. They do so by secreting two glucose regulating hormones; insulin from the beta cells and glucagon from the alpha cells. Diabetes, a disease characterised by unregulated systemic glucose, is caused not only by lacking of glucose-lowering insulin, but also by lack of proper control of glucose-elevating glucagon. The importance of glucagon in diabetes is underpinned by the observation that mice lacking of glucagon signalling do not develop diabetes even when their insulin secretion was abolished.
Normally glucagon secretion is stimulated at low glucose levels and inhibited at high glucose levels. How glucagon secretion is regulated remains poorly understood. Currently mechanisms proposed include paracrine (that controlled by factors secreted from neighbouring cells) and intrinsic (that within the alpha cell itself) regulations. Intrinsic glucose regulation of glucagon secretion involves an ATP-regulated potassium channel (KATP-channel). Glucose metabolism produces ATP to restrict KATP-channel activity to modulate alpha cell activity and inhibit secretion. Dysregulation of glucagon secretion seen in diabetes can be corrected by application of low dose KATP-channel blocker highlights the causal role of the channel in diabetes.
Normally glucagon secretion is stimulated at low glucose levels and inhibited at high glucose levels. How glucagon secretion is regulated remains poorly understood. Currently mechanisms proposed include paracrine (that controlled by factors secreted from neighbouring cells) and intrinsic (that within the alpha cell itself) regulations. Intrinsic glucose regulation of glucagon secretion involves an ATP-regulated potassium channel (KATP-channel). Glucose metabolism produces ATP to restrict KATP-channel activity to modulate alpha cell activity and inhibit secretion. Dysregulation of glucagon secretion seen in diabetes can be corrected by application of low dose KATP-channel blocker highlights the causal role of the channel in diabetes.
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DIABETESno. Supplement_1 (2023)
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INSECTSno. 3 (2023): 244-244
The Journal of endocrinologyno. 2 (2023)
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