In his research he focuses on the interactions between humans and their resident bacteria (collectively termed the ‘microbiome’), and on the mechanisms by which disruption in their composition or function may trigger or exacerbate various medical conditions, such as inflammation and metabolic diseases. He studied interventions intended to harness the microbiome in order to promote health by manipulating the gut bacteria. His research has elucidated the limitations in the currently available probiotic therapy, and uncovered previously unappreciated effects of probiotics administration. In addition, he delineated how the microbiome composition can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and how it can be utilised to devise personally-tailored diets that maintain blood glycemic control.