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Within the human gut lies a bustling community 10,000 times more numerous than the Earth's human population. Four hundred different species of bacteria living in our intestines help us digest food and protect us from marauding pathogens. We, in turn, provide them with a nutrient-rich environment. This relationship is only helpful, however, if the bacteria stay in the gut. If they escape to other parts of the body, the bacteria can wreak havoc.
At the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Lora Hooper is investigating how the lining of the gut, called the epithelium, prevents that escape.
"The epithelium is such an effective barrier," she says. "It's confronted not only with the sheer density of microorganisms in the gut—100 trillion bacteria—but also the staggering complexity of that ecosystem. And yet it's able to corral them. How?"
It's a question she started investigating in 1996 as a postdoctoral researcher in Jeffrey Gordon's lab at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "At the time we knew absolutely nothing about how these organisms shape human biology," says Hooper. "It was a major hole in our understanding of the human organism." Her studies were among the first to reveal the fundamental influence that intestinal microbes have on epithelial host cells—an impact that was previously thought to be inconsequential.
Hooper's interest in biology came relatively late. At age 10, she was fascinated by physics and astronomy, building a telescope with her father to search the skies over her hometown, Nashville, Tennessee. Physics and the cosmos continued their pull through high school, but a freshman biology class at Rhodes College in Memphis altered Hooper's focus. "I became fascinated with the inner workings of the cell," she says.
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Cell host & microbeno. 3 (2024): 396-410.e6
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biorxiv(2023)
Amir Kumar Singh,Ritesh Kumar,Jianyi Yin, John F. Brooks II,Mahesh Kathania,Sandip Mukherjee,Jitendra Kumar,Kevin P. Conlon,Venkatesha Basrur, Zhe Chen,Xianlin Han,Lora V. Hooper,
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