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Plant-fungal symbioses and their applications in sustainable agriculture
Today, it is estimated that more than 80% of land plants, representing over 90% of plant families, form nutritional symbioses with soil-dwelling fungi. These associations are known as ‘mycorrhiza’, or ‘mycorrhiza-like’ in plants without roots. Through these associations, plants assimilate fungal-acquired mineral nutrients from beyond root depletion zones. In return, plants supply their fungal partners with carbohydrates fixed from atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
Many key crop species have been shown to be able to form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This is leading to the development of novel approaches in crop breeding and agricultural practices, encouraging the formation of mycorrhizal associations and utilisation of previously plant-inaccessible soil phosphorus pools. Research has shown that the efficiency by which plant-fixed carbon is exchanged for fungal-acquired nutrients is affected by environmental perturbation, such as CO2 concentration. By using combined ecophysiology, metabolomics and isotope tracer techniques, our research aims to expand our understanding of crop-mycorrhiza-environment interactions.
Evolution, diversity and ecology of plant-fungal symbioses
Plant-fungal symbioses date back to when plants first colonized Earth’s landmasses more than 475 million years ago.
Fossil and molecular evidence suggest that the earliest plants to emerge onto the land were likely similar to modern-day liverworts. As such, these tiny plants provide an excellent opportunity for us to understand how mycorrhiza-like associations in the earliest plants may have facilitated plant domination of the terrestrial biosphere.
Recent findings suggest the earliest plants may not have associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomeromycota as has always been assumed, instead Mucoromycotina may well have been key players in plant terrestrialization. Our latest research has shown that Mucoromycotina Fine Root Endophytes are widespread throughout nearly all modern land plants and may play a different role to other mycorrhizas in plant nutrition.
We are only just starting to understand the true diversity, structure and physiological function of the relationships between plants and their symbiotic fungi. Our research aims to shed new light on the role diverse fungal symbionts may have played in the development and maintenance of Earth’s global ecosystems in the past, present and future.
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Nature Communicationsno. 1 (2024): 1-7
Heidi-Jayne Hawkins, Rachael I. M. Cargill, Michael E. Van Nuland, Stephen C. Hagen,Katie J. Field, Merlin Sheldrake,Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,E. Toby Kiers
Applied Soil Ecology (2023): 104733
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs (2023)
The biochemistno. 3 (2023): 2-7
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Trends in plant science (2023)
Emily Durant,Grace A. Hoysted, Nathan Howard,Steven M. Sait,Dylan Z. Childs,David Johnson,Katie J. Field
Current Biologyno. 12 (2023): 2566-2573.e4
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