Dr. Spence has expertise in the area of behavioural medicine and research methods. His research focuses on both the benefits and determinants of physical activity and how physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are related to health. Dr. Spence has studied the broad social determinants (e.g., SES) and population physical activity patterns. More recently, he has focused on (a) factors that impact mobility and active transportation; and, (b) the role of policy initiatives such as national strategies for promoting physical activity. Dr. Spence has a strong background in physical activity measurement, meta-analysis, and ecological models of behaviour and health.