He has over 20 years of translational clinical, computational physiology, robotic surgery, digital and AI trial and product development experience including novel plant biological COVID vaccines, online teaching tools and national tracing apps. He leads the STARD-AI and QUADAS-AI global guideline initiatives for AI diagnostic accuracy. He runs the collaboration with Imperial College London, NHS Hospitals and Google on an AI algorithm for Breast Screening and also with NICE on health technological assessment classifications for AI. He was awarded the Royal College of Surgeons Arris and Gale Lectureship, the Hunterian Prize, Wellcome Trust Research Fellowship and an NIHR Clinical Lectureship. He has authored >550 publications (including Lancet, Nature, NEJM) and 12 personally authored books ranging from medicine, philosophy and ancient history. He has several eponymous medical signs named after him including the Ashrafian sign for aortic regurgitation and described his own procedure - the Ashrafian Thoracotomy. His philosophical work is in artificial general intelligence, The Turing Test, human rights and solving the simulation argument is taught at law schools and he is regularly featured in historical and scientific documentaries. He has also discovered a time paradox in general relativity and closed timelike curves (CTC). He holds the role of visiting Professor of Research Impact at Leeds University Business School. He has co-edited the major reference text of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine by Springer Nature. His h-index is 63 and based on citation is ranked in the top 1% of scientists worldwide.