Research efforts have included ecology and utilization of aquatic weeds, pond liming and fertilization, water quality and aeration, pond bottom soil management, and hydrology of ponds. Both freshwater and brackishwater aquaculture have been included in the efforts. Teaching has been focused on graduate training in water quality management (two courses per year and major advisor for more than 100 graduate students) and continuing education for professionals. Consulting activities have concentrated on water quality management in aquaculture ponds and water quality standards and land reclamation for surface mining. International activities have included research, teaching and consulting. Work on projects of 1 week to 6 months duration in 30 countries.