Charles is an internationally leading environmental biologist and (eco)toxicologist with over 40 years of research and project management experience. His research spans investigations into the mechanisms of endocrine disrupting chemicals and nanoparticle ecotoxicology to assessing population level effects of environmental contaminants in wildlife, principally fish. Much of his research includes applying genetic and genomic techniques to understand the basis of physiological processes and the mechanisms through which they are disrupted by environmental contaminants.