Professor Pieroni has served as the Vice-President and President of the International Society of Ethnobiology (2008-2010). He is the founder and Chief Editor of the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (ethnobiomed.com) and sits on the boards of diverse international peer-reviewed journals.

Main target communities and study areas are: minorities, diasporas, cultural and geographical boundaries in the Mediterranean, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and especially in the Greater Middle East.